What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and How Does it Affect You?

Verified by Dr Amey Sonavane– Consultant Gastroenterology & Hepatology at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. Here’s what you need to know about IBD:

Types of IBD

• Crohn’s Disease: Involves inflammation of any part of the digestive tract, from mouth to anus, often penetrating deeper layers of the bowel and sometimes causing fistulas and narrowing of the bowel
• Ulcerative Colitis: Specifically affects the colon and rectum, causing inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining.

Causes and Risk Factors

• The exact cause is unknown, but genetic predisposition and an overactive immune system response play significant roles.
• Risk Factors include family history, smoking, age (often diagnosed before age 35), and geographic region (more common in Western countries).

Symptoms of IBD

• Persistent diarrhea, often accompanied by blood or mucus.
• Abdominal pain and cramping.
• Unintended weight loss and fatigue.
• Urgent bowel movements.
• Fever and reduced appetite.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Diagnosis: IBD is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, blood tests, endoscopy/colonoscopy, and imaging studies like MRI or CT scans.
• Treatment: While there is no cure, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and achieving symptom remission. This may involve:

1. Anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., corticosteroids, biologics).
2. Immune system suppressors.
3. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes.
4. Surgery in severe cases to remove damaged portions of the digestive tract.

Living with IBD

• Patients can benefit from dietary management, stress reduction, and regular medical follow-ups.
• Support groups and counseling can help manage emotional challenges.

Early diagnosis and tailored treatments can improve the quality of life for those living with IBD, enabling symptom control and fewer complications.

Connect with our expert, Dr Amey Sonavane, Consultant Gastroenterology & Hepatology  at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai

Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment