Best Gastroenterology, Hepatology & GI Surgery Hospital in Gurugram – Apollo Hospitals, Gurugram

A thin, flexible tube with a camera passed through the mouth to view the food pipe, stomach and upper small intestine. It takes about 10 to 15 minutes, is done after around six hours of fasting, and is performed under throat spray or light sedation so it is uncomfortable rather than painful. Biopsies can be taken painlessly at the same time.

Examination of the entire large bowel with a flexible camera passed through the back passage, after bowel preparation the day before. It is carried out under sedation, so most patients sleep through it. Polyps found during the procedure can usually be removed in the same sitting.

A shorter examination limited to the lower part of the colon, sometimes done with lighter preparation when symptoms point to that area.

A vitamin-sized camera capsule is swallowed and passes naturally through the gut, photographing the small intestine — a region that standard endoscopes cannot reach. There is no sedation and no discomfort, and the capsule is passed in stool.

An endoscope with an ultrasound probe at its tip, used to examine the pancreas, bile ducts and the wall layers of the gut from very close range. It is particularly valuable for assessing pancreatic lumps and for taking tissue samples through the gut wall.

An endoscopic procedure combined with X-ray imaging that accesses the bile and pancreatic ducts. It is now used primarily as a treatment — removing stones, relieving blockages, placing stents — rather than purely for diagnosis.

A painless, radiation-free scan of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys and spleen. It usually requires fasting and is generally the first imaging test ordered for abdominal pain or abnormal liver tests.
 

Cross-sectional imaging used for staging cancers, assessing pancreatitis and evaluating complex disease. MRCP is a specific MRI sequence that maps the bile and pancreatic ducts without any instrument being introduced into the body.

Acid-suppressing medication for reflux and ulcers, antibiotic regimens for H. pylori, antispasmodics and dietary approaches for IBS, enzyme replacement in pancreatic insufficiency, and laxative and prokinetic therapy for motility problems.

Stepped therapy using anti-inflammatory drugs, immune-modulating medication and, in moderate to severe disease, biologic agents. Screening before starting immune-suppressing therapy and regular monitoring during it are standard.

Long-term oral antiviral medication that controls hepatitis B and protects the liver, and short oral courses for hepatitis C that clear the virus in most patients. Both require follow-up blood tests to confirm response.

Polyp removal during colonoscopy, control of bleeding ulcers, banding of swollen veins in the food pipe, dilatation of narrowed segments, stent placement to relieve blockages, and feeding tube placement where swallowing is unsafe.

Removal of bile duct stones, drainage of blocked bile ducts and stenting of strictures, generally performed under sedation with same-day or next-day discharge in uncomplicated cases.

Balloon dilatation or peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a technique that divides the tight muscle from inside the food pipe without external incisions.

Removal of the gallbladder through several small incisions. Many patients are discharged within a day and return to desk work within roughly one to two weeks, though recovery varies with the individual and the complexity of the case.

Laparoscopic or open repair with mesh reinforcement, chosen according to hernia type, size and previous surgery.